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Generative AI
Cloud
Testing
Artificial intelligence
Security
Additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3D printing, is the process in which products are “printed” layer by layer through a nozzle with a specific filament of printing material.
Alternative term: Additive manufacturing
The reaction of users on two variants (A and B) of a system are compared to determine which variant best fits the expectations of the users and other stakeholders. Variant A might be the existing version and B a new version. Or A and B can be two different new versions that are compared.
The ability to learn is the ability to comprehend, to understand and to profit from experience. This is a new subcharacteristic of product quality for artificial intelligence and robotics. This is a new sub quality characteristic of Intelligent Behavior for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.
The criteria a test object must satisfy to be accepted by a user, client or other stakeholder.
A test executed by the user(s) and manager(s) in an environment simulating the operational environment to the greatest possible extent, demonstrating that the developed system meets the functional and quality requirements.
The result that is observed when a test case is executed on a test object. This will be compared with the expected result to evaluate whether the test case has passed or failed.
The ability to split up an element into sub-elements that, in a different combination, result in a new, valuable element for the specific situation.
Alternative term: 3D printing
A mindset for software development, based on the Agile Manifesto, in which the focus lies primarily on creating value for the business.
A mindset to “deliver valuable high-quality increments of working software in time-boxed short iterations, through adaptive change, as more information comes to light in a communicative and collaborative manner”.
See: Artificial Intelligence
Testing performed on location of, and in the test environment of the organization that develops the system, by people from outside that organization.
A difference between the expected behavior and the actual outcome of a test. This is registered so that the cause can be analysed and resolved.Often an anomaly is called Defect, but because this term can be very confusing we use the term anomaly as specified by the IEEE 1044 standard. Other synonyms are Issue, Incident and Bug.
This is one of the coverage groups of coverage-based test design techniques that relate to testing the appearance of an information system (e.g. the way it looks, its performance, etcetera).
A continuous process of managing the life of an application through governance, development and maintenance. ALM is the marriage of business management to software engineering made possible by tools that facilitate and integrate requirements management, architecture, coding, testing, tracking and release management.
This matrix contains a list of tasks, deliverables and/or activities on the rows of the matrix, and specifies the roles or people involved in the columns. For every task/deliverable/activity, the table shows per person in what way they are involved. This may be Accountable, Responsible, Consulted or Informed. So the name is an acronym for the possible involvements (A, R, C and I). Also known as RACI matrix.
Artificial general intelligence (or AGI) is an intelligence that can execute all the tasks that a human could execute.
Put simply, AI is the ability of machines to carry out tasks and activities we would consider “intelligent”. Artificial intelligence, broadly defined, is the ability for an intelligent agent to observe its surroundings and carry out specific tasks to maximize its ability to achieve some goal.
See AI
This AI is focused on one task. All AI we use nowadays, is categorized as artificial narrow intelligence (or ANI).
This AI is far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds.
A specific test step in an automated test script that is used to compare the expected result with the actual result.
See: Behavior driven development.
See: Business Driven Test Management
See Starting point.
See End-to-end test.
This is one of the coverage groups of coverage-based test design techniques that relate to testing data.
Data analytics is the isolation, aggregation and analysis of data based on different criteria relating to specific use cases.
The accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals. This is a characteristic of quality in use of the ISO25010 standard.
The resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals. It is the relationship between the performance level of the system (expressed in the transaction volume and overall speed) and the amount of resources (CPU cycles, I/O time, memory and network capacity, etc.) that are used. This is a characteristic of quality in use of the ISO25010 standard.
The ease with which (part of) the information system can continue elsewhere. This is a quality sub-characteristic from the TMap NEXT list. It is covered by the quality characteristic Reliability of the ISO25010 and its sub-characteristics.
A deviation of the system from its expected delivery or service. The result or manifestation of one or more faults. A failure may be detected by dynamic testing.
The overall approach for the setup and organization of test processes that applies to more than one project or release. General agreements on e.g. the test process, standard strategy, estimating method, procedures, organization, communication, documentation, etc.
Testing with knowledge of and insight into the internal operation of a system or program. This is the opposite of Blackbox Testing.(The term whitebox testing is often used but glassbox better signifies the true meaning of being able to see what is happening)
A strategy derived from previous experiences with similar problems, that employs a practical method, not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but instead sufficient for reaching an immediate goal. It can involve using a rule of thumb, an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, a guesstimate, profiling, or common sense.
An approach that enables cross-functional teams to continuously improve the products, processes and people that are required to deliver value to the end users. Examples are Scrum and DevOps.
See: Industrial Internet of Things
Improvisation is the power of the intelligent system to make right decisions in new situations. This is a subcharacteristic of the quality characteristic Intelligent Behavior for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics that we added to the ISO25010 standard.
See: Known fault
An anomaly that has been classified as an actual fault but has not been solved (yet).
A description of the various expected levels of load on an IT-system, which is the basis for specifying and executing performance tests.
Describes, in logical terms, the circumstances in which the system behavior is examined by indicating which test situations are covered by the test case.
Machine intelligence (MI) is a unifying term for what others call machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). We found that when we called it AI, too many people were distracted by whether certain companies were “true AI”, and when we called it ML, many thought we weren’t doing justice to the more “AI-esque”-like aspects, such as the various flavors of deep learning. So, machine intelligence is a term that combines “artificial intelligence”, “machine learning” and other related terms.
Machine learning is one of the ways to achieve artificial intelligence. It contains different algorithms – each with its own strengths and weaknesses. These algorithms are often grouped into three categories: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning.
Natural interaction refers to the level of natural dynamics in communication between between an intelligent machine and a person. It is important both in verbal and non-verbal communication between humans and machines. This is a new sub quality characteristic for artificial intelligence and robotics.
Testing aimed at one or more quality characteristics other than functionality.
An object part is a logically coherent part of the test object from the perspective of the characteristic to be tested.
Function mode directly connected to an information system in which the information system immediately processes the commands and directly shows the answer (output) on the screen (or other user interface).
Test design technique that results in testing all possibilities of any combination of 2 factors.
People is one of the five elements of TMap HD. It aims at having the right people with the right skills, the right knowledge and the appropriate mindset to wisely apply the agreed methods and way of working in a team and organization. Hence the name TMap HD: Human Driven.
The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.
All planned and systematic activities needed to provide adequate confidence that a product or service meets the requirements for quality.
The ease and speed with which the information system can be restored after an interruption. This is a quality sub-characteristic of the quality characteristic Reliability of the ISO25010 standard
An approach in security testing where the security of entire the organization is assessed by attacks. The red team is the attacking team and the blue team is the defending team.
Software company founded in 1972 in Germany, focused on developing and selling Enterprise Resource Planning systems. Company name is an acronym for “System and Analysis Program development” (in original German: “SystemAnalyse und Programmentwicklung”).
The degree to which user needs are satisfied when a product or system is used in a specified context of use. This is a characteristic of quality in use of the ISO25010 standard.B116
A static testing technique where a product (that’s about 60-80% complete) is submitted to a number of reviewers with the question to assess it from a certain perspective.
A way of working for designing and executing tests. There are two groups of test approaches: experience-based testing and coverage-based testing.
Lorum ipsum nogmaals.
see: User Acceptance Test
A test carried out by the developer in the development environment, with the aim of demonstrating that a logical group of units works together as defined in the technical specifications.
Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective evidence that the demands for a specific intended use have been fulfilled. (“is the right system built”)Also see: verification
The average amount of work— often measured in story points — that the team can perform in one sprint.
Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled. (“is the system built right”)Also see: validation
An static testing technique by which the author explains the contents of a product during a meeting. Several different objectives are possible: bringing all participants to the same level of understanding, transfer of information, asking the participants for additional information or choose from the alternatives proposed.
See: glassbox testing
Observing tests that are specified and/or executed by another party to give evidence about the level of confidence that these tests can give.
A transaction code in an SAP system, that was created for a specific customer process. Often consists of ‘Z’ plus an abbreviation of the activity it needs to execute. For example, ZTEST.
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